define(['./isObject', './now', './toNumber'], function(isObject, now, toNumber) {

  /** Used as a safe reference for `undefined` in pre-ES5 environments. */
  var undefined;

  /** Error message constants. */
  var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';

  /* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
  var nativeMax = Math.max,
      nativeMin = Math.min;

  /**
   * Creates a debounced function that delays invoking `func` until after `wait`
   * milliseconds have elapsed since the last time the debounced function was
   * invoked. The debounced function comes with a `cancel` method to cancel
   * delayed `func` invocations and a `flush` method to immediately invoke them.
   * Provide `options` to indicate whether `func` should be invoked on the
   * leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout. The `func` is invoked
   * with the last arguments provided to the debounced function. Subsequent
   * calls to the debounced function return the result of the last `func`
   * invocation.
   *
   * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is
   * invoked on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the debounced function
   * is invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
   *
   * If `wait` is `0` and `leading` is `false`, `func` invocation is deferred
   * until to the next tick, similar to `setTimeout` with a timeout of `0`.
   *
   * See [David Corbacho's article](https://css-tricks.com/debouncing-throttling-explained-examples/)
   * for details over the differences between `_.debounce` and `_.throttle`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @since 0.1.0
   * @category Function
   * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.
   * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to delay.
   * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object.
   * @param {boolean} [options.leading=false]
   *  Specify invoking on the leading edge of the timeout.
   * @param {number} [options.maxWait]
   *  The maximum time `func` is allowed to be delayed before it's invoked.
   * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true]
   *  Specify invoking on the trailing edge of the timeout.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.
   * @example
   *
   * // Avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux.
   * jQuery(window).on('resize', _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150));
   *
   * // Invoke `sendMail` when clicked, debouncing subsequent calls.
   * jQuery(element).on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, {
   *   'leading': true,
   *   'trailing': false
   * }));
   *
   * // Ensure `batchLog` is invoked once after 1 second of debounced calls.
   * var debounced = _.debounce(batchLog, 250, { 'maxWait': 1000 });
   * var source = new EventSource('/stream');
   * jQuery(source).on('message', debounced);
   *
   * // Cancel the trailing debounced invocation.
   * jQuery(window).on('popstate', debounced.cancel);
   */
  function debounce(func, wait, options) {
    var lastArgs,
        lastThis,
        maxWait,
        result,
        timerId,
        lastCallTime,
        lastInvokeTime = 0,
        leading = false,
        maxing = false,
        trailing = true;

    if (typeof func != 'function') {
      throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
    }
    wait = toNumber(wait) || 0;
    if (isObject(options)) {
      leading = !!options.leading;
      maxing = 'maxWait' in options;
      maxWait = maxing ? nativeMax(toNumber(options.maxWait) || 0, wait) : maxWait;
      trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;
    }

    function invokeFunc(time) {
      var args = lastArgs,
          thisArg = lastThis;

      lastArgs = lastThis = undefined;
      lastInvokeTime = time;
      result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
      return result;
    }

    function leadingEdge(time) {
      // Reset any `maxWait` timer.
      lastInvokeTime = time;
      // Start the timer for the trailing edge.
      timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);
      // Invoke the leading edge.
      return leading ? invokeFunc(time) : result;
    }

    function remainingWait(time) {
      var timeSinceLastCall = time - lastCallTime,
          timeSinceLastInvoke = time - lastInvokeTime,
          timeWaiting = wait - timeSinceLastCall;

      return maxing
        ? nativeMin(timeWaiting, maxWait - timeSinceLastInvoke)
        : timeWaiting;
    }

    function shouldInvoke(time) {
      var timeSinceLastCall = time - lastCallTime,
          timeSinceLastInvoke = time - lastInvokeTime;

      // Either this is the first call, activity has stopped and we're at the
      // trailing edge, the system time has gone backwards and we're treating
      // it as the trailing edge, or we've hit the `maxWait` limit.
      return (lastCallTime === undefined || (timeSinceLastCall >= wait) ||
        (timeSinceLastCall < 0) || (maxing && timeSinceLastInvoke >= maxWait));
    }

    function timerExpired() {
      var time = now();
      if (shouldInvoke(time)) {
        return trailingEdge(time);
      }
      // Restart the timer.
      timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, remainingWait(time));
    }

    function trailingEdge(time) {
      timerId = undefined;

      // Only invoke if we have `lastArgs` which means `func` has been
      // debounced at least once.
      if (trailing && lastArgs) {
        return invokeFunc(time);
      }
      lastArgs = lastThis = undefined;
      return result;
    }

    function cancel() {
      if (timerId !== undefined) {
        clearTimeout(timerId);
      }
      lastInvokeTime = 0;
      lastArgs = lastCallTime = lastThis = timerId = undefined;
    }

    function flush() {
      return timerId === undefined ? result : trailingEdge(now());
    }

    function debounced() {
      var time = now(),
          isInvoking = shouldInvoke(time);

      lastArgs = arguments;
      lastThis = this;
      lastCallTime = time;

      if (isInvoking) {
        if (timerId === undefined) {
          return leadingEdge(lastCallTime);
        }
        if (maxing) {
          // Handle invocations in a tight loop.
          clearTimeout(timerId);
          timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);
          return invokeFunc(lastCallTime);
        }
      }
      if (timerId === undefined) {
        timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);
      }
      return result;
    }
    debounced.cancel = cancel;
    debounced.flush = flush;
    return debounced;
  }

  return debounce;
});
